Internal-combustion engine



Sept. 30, 1924.

c. A. BJORNSSON INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Oct. 26 1922 q INVENTOR BY I Muted Sept. 30, 1924. 1

UNITED STATES CARL A. BJORNSSON, OF WELLSVILLE, NEW YORK.

INTIEBNAL-CDMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed October 26, 1922. Serial No. 596,940.

To allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CARL A. BJoRNsson, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the town of Wellsville, county of 5 Allegheny, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Internal-Combustion Engine, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to engines and particularly to internal combustion engines, and more especially to internal combustion engines of the Diesel type, and has articular reference to that type of Diese engine in which the air for atomization of the fuel is generated in the main working cylinder and caused to flow by a restricted orifice into the combustion chamber at the moment fuel injection takes place. 1

The primary object of this invention is to provide a fuel atomizingdevice for use with an engine of the type specified which will most effectively and most finely atomize the greatest amount of the combustible fluid used fordriving the engine.

Other objects and advantages will appear as the description of the particular physical embodiment selected to illustrate theinvention progresses and the novel features of the invention will be particularly pointed out in the appended claim.

In describing the invention in detail and the particular physical embodiment selected to illustrate the invention reference will be had to the accompanying drawing, and the particular physical embodiment selected to illustrate the invention appearing therein, in which:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of an engine of the internal combustion type with my invention applied theretoyFig. 2, is a fragmentary cross sectional view of a device embodyin my invention in modified form 5 Fig. 3, 1s a cross sectional view on the plane indicated by theline III-III of Fig. 2, viewed in the direction of the arrows at the ends of the line; Fig. 4, is a fragmentary cross sectional view of a device embodying my invention in another modified form; Fig. 5, is a cross 5 nates a portion of a working cylinder havsectional view on the plane indicated by ing the cored out space 2, serving as a water circulating space or water jacket as is usual in internal combustion engines.

The cylinder 1, has a cylinder head 3, attachedthereto by studs, as 4, and nuts, as 5 The head has the cored out space 6, serving as a water circulating space or water jacket as is usual in internal combustion engines.

Within the cylinder 1, is the usual piston 7, connected as is usual in such engines.

Attached to the center of the upper face of the piston 7, is an atomizer nozzle, designated asa whole by 8. This atomizer nozzle' is attached to the piston in any suitable manner, preferably by forming on it a concentric projection 9, threading the same and screwing into a threaded orifice 10 of the piston. This atomizer nozzle has a flange portion 11, which is just slightly less in diameter than the diameter of the en- "trance or throat 12 of the combustion cham- 17, terminating at the end of the nozzle 8.

The flange 15, fitting into the throat 12 of the combustion chamber causes a chamber 18 to be formed above the piston, so that at the moment fuel is injected through pipe A 19, into the combustion chamber, compressed air is generated above the piston 7 and flowing through ducts 16 enters conduit 17 and issuing forcibly from the end of the nozzle impinges upon the stream of fluid issuing from pipe 19 and mechanically breaks it up and due to the turbulence caused by the inrushing air flowing directly at the inrushing fluid causes the fluid to be extremely finely atomized and the cyclonic turbulence of the air in the closed combustion chamber completely and thoroughly and intimately mixes the atomized fluid with the combustion supporting air, so that when combustion starts, that is when detonation takes place, just about the time the piston reaches the upper limit of its travel, it is most efiicient in that the greatest possible utilization of fuel is had, due to its extremely. fine atomization by the mechanical action and the complete and thorough mixing with the air due to the great turbulence. y

It will also be understood that by invention the air for atomization of the fuel is generated in a chamber separate from the combustion chamber and reaches its highest compression at such a moment that it is most-effective for atomizing the injected fuel, especiall as it issues from the chamber by a nozz e pointed directly or substan- -tially directly at'the stream of fluid fuel.

Furthermore the air'enters the combustion chamber at the moment of fuel injection at a much higher velocity than it would if it had-the entire throat 12 to flow through.

- My invention permits the air in the cylinder-and'in thefcombustion chamber to be both-largely reduced in volume while acomk parative y free p e exists between the cylinderf and the com ustion chamber, then in producing the. remaining compression necessary for ignition the combustion chamber and the cylinderare shut off from one another except through nozzle 8, and thus it is the most highly compressed air which ture all combine to the form shown in Fig. 1 except that instead -of a single conduit 17, as in Fig. 1, I have a plurality of conduits, 20 to 25 inclusive.

In Fi 4 and 5 I have shown another modifi form of a device embodying my invention. This modification embodies a plurality of conduits, similar to the form shown 2y F igs. 2 and 3, but in the form shown by igs. 4 and 5, the ends of the conduits 26 to 29 inclusive from which the air issues are inclined so that cross currents are produced. Althou h I have particularly described one specific physical embodiment of my invention and explained the mode of operationthereof, and have described modifications thereof and explained the mode of operation thereof, nevertheless I desire to have it understood that the forms selected are merely illustrative and do not exhaust the possible physical embodiments of the idea of means underlying my invention.

What I claim as new, and desire to'secure by LettersPatent, is:

In an internal combustion engine, in combination: a working cylinder; a combustion chamber communicating therewith by a throat of relatively ample cross sectional area; a piston; a nozzle attached to the piston and havin cross section t at of the throat and positioned to enter the throat upon ,a stroke of the piston prior to the com letion of the pistons stroke, said nozzle ormed with a duct and means communicatin therewith forming a passage between the uct and the space in advance of the piston, the duct and the said means forming the sole passage for compressed air above the piston when the flange is within the throat and a fuel injection duct opening-in the combustion chamber in a direct line with the first mentioned duct.

CARL A. BJORNSSON.

a flange approximating in 

